mqtt

What is mqtt?

The mqtt npm package is a client library for the MQTT protocol, which is a lightweight messaging protocol designed for small sensors and mobile devices. It allows you to connect to an MQTT broker, publish messages to topics, and subscribe to topics to receive messages.

What are mqtt's main functionalities?

Connect to an MQTT broker

This feature allows you to connect to an MQTT broker. The code sample demonstrates how to connect to a public MQTT broker (HiveMQ) and log a message upon successful connection.

const mqtt = require('mqtt');
const client = mqtt.connect('mqtt://broker.hivemq.com');
client.on('connect', () => {
  console.log('Connected to broker');
});

Publish messages to a topic

This feature allows you to publish messages to a specific topic. The code sample shows how to publish a message 'Hello MQTT' to the topic 'test/topic' after connecting to the broker.

const mqtt = require('mqtt');
const client = mqtt.connect('mqtt://broker.hivemq.com');
client.on('connect', () => {
  client.publish('test/topic', 'Hello MQTT');
  console.log('Message published');
});

Subscribe to a topic

This feature allows you to subscribe to a specific topic and receive messages published to that topic. The code sample demonstrates subscribing to 'test/topic' and logging any received messages.

const mqtt = require('mqtt');
const client = mqtt.connect('mqtt://broker.hivemq.com');
client.on('connect', () => {
  client.subscribe('test/topic', (err) => {
    if (!err) {
      console.log('Subscribed to topic');
    }
  });
});
client.on('message', (topic, message) => {
  console.log(`Received message: ${message.toString()} on topic: ${topic}`);
});

Other packages similar to mqtt

mqttjs

mqttjs is another popular MQTT client library for Node.js. It offers similar functionalities to the mqtt package, including connecting to brokers, publishing, and subscribing to topics. It is known for its simplicity and ease of use.

aedes

aedes is a barebone MQTT broker that can be embedded in Node.js applications. While it serves as a broker rather than a client, it can be used in conjunction with mqtt to create a complete MQTT solution. It is lightweight and highly performant.

mosca

mosca is an MQTT broker that can be used with Node.js. It is designed to be fast and scalable, making it suitable for IoT applications. Like aedes, it can be used alongside mqtt to provide a full MQTT ecosystem.

README

MQTT.js is a client library for the MQTT protocol, written in JavaScript for node.js and the browser.

• Upgrade notes
• Installation
• Example
• Command Line Tools
• API
• Browser
• Weapp
• About QoS
• TypeScript
• Contributing
• License

MQTT.js is an OPEN Open Source Project, see the Contributing section to find out what this means.

Important notes for existing users

v2.0.0 removes support for node v0.8, v0.10 and v0.12, and it is 3x faster in sending packets. It also removes all the deprecated functionality in v1.0.0, mainly mqtt.createConnection and mqtt.Server. From v2.0.0, subscriptions are restored upon reconnection if clean: true. v1.x.x is now in LTS, and it will keep being supported as long as there are v0.8, v0.10 and v0.12 users.

v1.0.0 improves the overall architecture of the project, which is now split into three components: MQTT.js keeps the Client, mqtt-connection includes the barebone Connection code for server-side usage, and mqtt-packet includes the protocol parser and generator. The new Client improves performance by a 30% factor, embeds Websocket support (MOWS is now deprecated), and it has a better support for QoS 1 and 2. The previous API is still supported but deprecated, as such, it is not documented in this README.

As a breaking change, the encoding option in the old client is removed, and now everything is UTF-8 with the exception of the password in the CONNECT message and payload in the PUBLISH message, which are Buffer.

Another breaking change is that MQTT.js now defaults to MQTT v3.1.1, so to support old brokers, please read the client options doc.

Installation

npm install mqtt --save

Example

For the sake of simplicity, let's put the subscriber and the publisher in the same file:

var mqtt = require('mqtt')
var client  = mqtt.connect('mqtt://test.mosquitto.org')

client.on('connect', function () {
  client.subscribe('presence', function (err) {
    if (!err) {
      client.publish('presence', 'Hello mqtt')
    }
  })
})

client.on('message', function (topic, message) {
  // message is Buffer
  console.log(message.toString())
  client.end()
})

output:

Hello mqtt

If you want to run your own MQTT broker, you can use Mosquitto or Mosca, and launch it. You can also use a test instance: test.mosquitto.org and test.mosca.io are both public.

If you do not want to install a separate broker, you can try using the mqtt-connection.

to use MQTT.js in the browser see the browserify section

Promise support

If you want to use the new async-await functionality in JavaScript, or just prefer using Promises instead of callbacks, async-mqtt is a wrapper over MQTT.js which uses promises instead of callbacks when possible.

Command Line Tools

MQTT.js bundles a command to interact with a broker. In order to have it available on your path, you should install MQTT.js globally:

npm install mqtt -g

Then, on one terminal

mqtt sub -t 'hello' -h 'test.mosquitto.org' -v

On another

mqtt pub -t 'hello' -h 'test.mosquitto.org' -m 'from MQTT.js'

See mqtt help <command> for the command help.

API

• mqtt.connect()
• mqtt.Client()
• mqtt.Client#publish()
• mqtt.Client#subscribe()
• mqtt.Client#unsubscribe()
• mqtt.Client#end()
• mqtt.Client#removeOutgoingMessage()
• mqtt.Client#reconnect()
• mqtt.Client#handleMessage()
• mqtt.Client#connected
• mqtt.Client#reconnecting
• mqtt.Client#getLastMessageId()
• mqtt.Store()
• mqtt.Store#put()
• mqtt.Store#del()
• mqtt.Store#createStream()
• mqtt.Store#close()

---

mqtt.connect([url], options)

Connects to the broker specified by the given url and options and returns a Client.

The URL can be on the following protocols: 'mqtt', 'mqtts', 'tcp', 'tls', 'ws', 'wss'. The URL can also be an object as returned by URL.parse(), in that case the two objects are merged, i.e. you can pass a single object with both the URL and the connect options.

You can also specify a servers options with content: [{ host: 'localhost', port: 1883 }, ... ], in that case that array is iterated at every connect.

For all MQTT-related options, see the Client constructor.

---

mqtt.Client(streamBuilder, options)

The Client class wraps a client connection to an MQTT broker over an arbitrary transport method (TCP, TLS, WebSocket, ecc).

Client automatically handles the following:

• Regular server pings
• QoS flow
• Automatic reconnections
• Start publishing before being connected

The arguments are:

• streamBuilder is a function that returns a subclass of the Stream class that supports the connect event. Typically a net.Socket.
• options is the client connection options (see: the connect packet). Defaults:
  • wsOptions: is the WebSocket connection options. Default is {}. It's specific for WebSockets. For possible options have a look at: https://github.com/websockets/ws/blob/master/doc/ws.md.
  • keepalive: 60 seconds, set to 0 to disable
  • reschedulePings: reschedule ping messages after sending packets (default true)
  • clientId: 'mqttjs_' + Math.random().toString(16).substr(2, 8)
  • protocolId: 'MQTT'
  • protocolVersion: 4
  • clean: true, set to false to receive QoS 1 and 2 messages while offline
  • reconnectPeriod: 1000 milliseconds, interval between two reconnections
  • connectTimeout: 30 * 1000 milliseconds, time to wait before a CONNACK is received
  • username: the username required by your broker, if any
  • password: the password required by your broker, if any
  • incomingStore: a Store for the incoming packets
  • outgoingStore: a Store for the outgoing packets
  • queueQoSZero: if connection is broken, queue outgoing QoS zero messages (default true)
  • will: a message that will sent by the broker automatically when the client disconnect badly. The format is:
    • topic: the topic to publish
    • payload: the message to publish
    • qos: the QoS
    • retain: the retain flag
  • transformWsUrl : optional (url, options, client) => url function For ws/wss protocols only. Can be used to implement signing urls which upon reconnect can have become expired.
  • resubscribe : if connection is broken and reconnects, subscribed topics are automatically subscribed again (default true)

In case mqtts (mqtt over tls) is required, the options object is passed through to tls.connect(). If you are using a self-signed certificate, pass the rejectUnauthorized: false option. Beware that you are exposing yourself to man in the middle attacks, so it is a configuration that is not recommended for production environments.

If you are connecting to a broker that supports only MQTT 3.1 (not 3.1.1 compliant), you should pass these additional options:

{
  protocolId: 'MQIsdp',
  protocolVersion: 3
}

This is confirmed on RabbitMQ 3.2.4, and on Mosquitto < 1.3. Mosquitto version 1.3 and 1.4 works fine without those.

Event 'connect'

function (connack) {}

Emitted on successful (re)connection (i.e. connack rc=0).

• connack received connack packet. When clean connection option is false and server has a previous session for clientId connection option, then connack.sessionPresent flag is true. When that is the case, you may rely on stored session and prefer not to send subscribe commands for the client.

Event 'reconnect'

function () {}

Emitted when a reconnect starts.

Event 'close'

function () {}

Emitted after a disconnection.

Event 'offline'

function () {}

Emitted when the client goes offline.

Event 'error'

function (error) {}

Emitted when the client cannot connect (i.e. connack rc != 0) or when a parsing error occurs.

Event 'end'

function () {}

Emitted when mqtt.Client#end() is called. If a callback was passed to mqtt.Client#end(), this event is emitted once the callback returns.

Event 'message'

function (topic, message, packet) {}

Emitted when the client receives a publish packet

• topic topic of the received packet
• message payload of the received packet
• packet received packet, as defined in mqtt-packet

Event 'packetsend'

function (packet) {}

Emitted when the client sends any packet. This includes .published() packets as well as packets used by MQTT for managing subscriptions and connections

• packet received packet, as defined in mqtt-packet

Event 'packetreceive'

function (packet) {}

Emitted when the client receives any packet. This includes packets from subscribed topics as well as packets used by MQTT for managing subscriptions and connections

• packet received packet, as defined in mqtt-packet

---

mqtt.Client#publish(topic, message, [options], [callback])

Publish a message to a topic

• topic is the topic to publish to, String
• message is the message to publish, Buffer or String
• options is the options to publish with, including:
  • qos QoS level, Number, default 0
  • retain retain flag, Boolean, default false
  • dup mark as duplicate flag, Boolean, default false
• callback - function (err), fired when the QoS handling completes, or at the next tick if QoS 0. An error occurs if client is disconnecting.

---

mqtt.Client#subscribe(topic/topic array/topic object, [options], [callback])

Subscribe to a topic or topics

• topic is a String topic to subscribe to or an Array of topics to subscribe to. It can also be an object, it has as object keys the topic name and as value the QoS, like {'test1': 0, 'test2': 1}. MQTT topic wildcard characters are supported (+ - for single level and # - for multi level)
• options is the options to subscribe with, including:
  • qos qos subscription level, default 0
• callback - function (err, granted) callback fired on suback where:
  • err a subscription error or an error that occurs when client is disconnecting
  • granted is an array of {topic, qos} where:
    • topic is a subscribed to topic
    • qos is the granted qos level on it

---

mqtt.Client#unsubscribe(topic/topic array, [callback])

Unsubscribe from a topic or topics

• topic is a String topic or an array of topics to unsubscribe from
• callback - function (err), fired on unsuback. An error occurs if client is disconnecting.

---

mqtt.Client#end([force], [cb])

Close the client, accepts the following options:

• force: passing it to true will close the client right away, without waiting for the in-flight messages to be acked. This parameter is optional.
• cb: will be called when the client is closed. This parameter is optional.

---

mqtt.Client#removeOutgoingMessage(mid)

Remove a message from the outgoingStore. The outgoing callback will be called with Error('Message removed') if the message is removed.

After this function is called, the messageId is released and becomes reusable.

• mid: The messageId of the message in the outgoingStore.

---

mqtt.Client#reconnect()

Connect again using the same options as connect()

---

mqtt.Client#handleMessage(packet, callback)

Handle messages with backpressure support, one at a time. Override at will, but always call callback, or the client will hang.

---

mqtt.Client#connected

Boolean : set to true if the client is connected. false otherwise.

---

mqtt.Client#getLastMessageId()

Number : get last message id. This is for sent messages only.

---

mqtt.Client#reconnecting

Boolean : set to true if the client is trying to reconnect to the server. false otherwise.

---

mqtt.Store(options)

In-memory implementation of the message store.

• options is the store options:
  • clean: true, clean inflight messages when close is called (default true)

Other implementations of mqtt.Store:

• mqtt-level-store which uses Level-browserify to store the inflight data, making it usable both in Node and the Browser.
• mqtt-nedbb-store which uses nedb to store the inflight data.
• mqtt-localforage-store which uses localForage to store the inflight data, making it usable in the Browser without browserify.

---

mqtt.Store#put(packet, callback)

Adds a packet to the store, a packet is anything that has a messageId property. The callback is called when the packet has been stored.

---

mqtt.Store#createStream()

Creates a stream with all the packets in the store.

---

mqtt.Store#del(packet, cb)

Removes a packet from the store, a packet is anything that has a messageId property. The callback is called when the packet has been removed.

---

mqtt.Store#close(cb)

Closes the Store.

Browser

Via CDN

The MQTT.js bundle is available through http://unpkg.com, specifically at https://unpkg.com/mqtt/dist/mqtt.min.js. See http://unpkg.com for the full documentation on version ranges.

Weixin App

Surport Weixin App. See Doc.

Example(js)

var mqtt = require('mqtt')
var client  = mqtt.connect('wxs://test.mosquitto.org')

Example(ts)

import { connect } from 'mqtt';
const client  = connect('wxs://test.mosquitto.org');

Browserify

In order to use MQTT.js as a browserify module you can either require it in your browserify bundles or build it as a stand alone module. The exported module is AMD/CommonJs compatible and it will add an object in the global space.

npm install -g browserify // install browserify
cd node_modules/mqtt
npm install . // install dev dependencies
browserify mqtt.js -s mqtt > browserMqtt.js // require mqtt in your client-side app

Webpack

Just like browserify, export MQTT.js as library. The exported module would be var mqtt = xxx and it will add an object in the global space. You could also export module in other formats (AMD/CommonJS/others) by setting output.libraryTarget in webpack configuration.

npm install -g webpack // install webpack

cd node_modules/mqtt
npm install . // install dev dependencies
webpack mqtt.js ./browserMqtt.js --output-library mqtt

you can then use mqtt.js in the browser with the same api than node's one.

<html>
<head>
  <title>test Ws mqtt.js</title>
</head>
<body>
<script src="./browserMqtt.js"></script>
<script>
  var client = mqtt.connect() // you add a ws:// url here
  client.subscribe("mqtt/demo")

  client.on("message", function (topic, payload) {
    alert([topic, payload].join(": "))
    client.end()
  })

  client.publish("mqtt/demo", "hello world!")
</script>
</body>
</html>

Your broker should accept websocket connection (see MQTT over Websockets to setup Mosca).

Signed WebSocket Urls

If you need to sign an url, for example for AWS IoT, then you can pass in a transformWsUrl function to the mqtt.connect() options This is needed because signed urls have an expiry and eventually upon reconnects, a new signed url needs to be created:

// This module doesn't actually exist, just an example
var awsIotUrlSigner = require('awsIotUrlSigner')
mqtt.connect('wss://a2ukbzaqo9vbpb.iot.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/mqtt', {
  transformWsUrl: function (url, options, client) {
    // It's possible to inspect some state on options(pre parsed url components)
    // and the client (reconnect state etc)
    return awsIotUrlSigner(url)
  }
})

// Now every time a new WebSocket connection is opened (hopefully not that
// often) we get a freshly signed url

About QoS

Here is how QoS works:

• QoS 0 : received at most once : The packet is sent, and that's it. There is no validation about whether it has been received.
• QoS 1 : received at least once : The packet is sent and stored as long as the client has not received a confirmation from the server. MQTT ensures that it will be received, but there can be duplicates.
• QoS 2 : received exactly once : Same as QoS 1 but there is no duplicates.

About data consumption, obviously, QoS 2 > QoS 1 > QoS 0, if that's a concern to you.

Usage with TypeScript

This repo bundles TypeScript definition files for use in TypeScript projects and to support tools that can read .d.ts files.

Pre-requisites

Before you can begin using these TypeScript definitions with your project, you need to make sure your project meets a few of these requirements:

• TypeScript >= 2.1
• Set tsconfig.json: {"compilerOptions" : {"moduleResolution" : "node"}, ...}
• Includes the TypeScript definitions for node. You can use npm to install this by typing the following into a terminal window: npm install --save-dev @types/node

Contributing

MQTT.js is an OPEN Open Source Project. This means that:

Individuals making significant and valuable contributions are given commit-access to the project to contribute as they see fit. This project is more like an open wiki than a standard guarded open source project.

See the CONTRIBUTING.md file for more details.

Contributors

MQTT.js is only possible due to the excellent work of the following contributors:

Adam Rudd	GitHub/adamvr	Twitter/@adam_vr
Matteo Collina	GitHub/mcollina	Twitter/@matteocollina
Maxime Agor	GitHub/4rzael	Twitter/@4rzael

License

MIT